Little River Airport Advisory Committee Minutes of 3/8/98 meeting The new, officially appointed Little River Airport Advisory Committee held its fourth meeting from 4-6pm at The Clubhouse at The Woods on 3/8/98. An agenda for the meeting had previously been posted at Little River Airport and the Little River Post Office on Monday 3/2/98 and circulated by email. Six members of the committee were present: Lee Edmundson, Joel Bornstein, Dave Brewer, Willow Trent, Tim Scully and Trey Loy. Dick Ahrens, Richard Gallagher, and Judith Barry also participated in the meeting. Ken Masterson, Jim Masterson and Charlie Meinershagen were present for part of the meeting. approval of minutes ------------------- Tim Scully said that he had minor amendments to the rough draft minutes by email. The minutes of the previous meeting were approved. Lee Edmundson said that he disagreed with one statement he read in the previous meeting's minutes: this was Tim Scully's assertion that all of the committee members have conflicts of interest. Lee Edmundson said that he does not have any conflicts - none of his property is near the airport. communications -------------- Tim Scully reported that he FAXed letter to Norma Leone for County Counsel to review, asking the committee's questions about conflict of interest. Norma got a verbal response from Peter Klein and passed it on to Tim Scully by telephone, following it up with a letter. Verbally, Norma passed on Peter Klein's statement that most committee members do have conflicts of interest, but that this was understood when the committee was formed. It is not necessary for the committee to have a conflict of interest code or for members to fill out financial disclosure forms. The County sharply reduced the number of boards and committees which need to do this because they had a great deal of difficulty getting members to file the annual updates required by law. The AAC doesn't need to have a conflict code because it is a purely advisory committee. [ see Appendix A for the text of the two letters. ] Willow Trent reported that she did not receive an email copy of the minutes of the previous meeting. Several other members reported that they did receive them. Tim Scully said that he had sent them via a mailing list, so they must have been lost en-route. He'll resend them. discuss the FAA "waiting list" ------------------------------ Tim Scully explained that Barry Rosenberg, the manager of the Los Angeles Flight Procedures office, put Little River Airport into the system over 2 years ago starting the process for its GPS approach, in advance of receiving the letter of concurrence. He did this as a courtesy. About a year later, when the process got to the point where the paperwork was absolutely required, he contacted Tim Scully and asked for status. Learning that the Ad Hoc Committee was still working on the issue, he returned Little River to the beginning of the process. A year or so later, when we got to the head of the line again and still were not ready, it appears that he simply dropped us off the list, since we still had not completed all of the paperwork. In other words, there is no official waiting list. The FAA, as a courtesy, made a couple of attempts to shorten the usual time for processing an GPS approach, but finally gave up when our process was too slow. Our approach has now been assigned to Ron Clenney, who reports to Mr. Rosenberg. discuss the FAA's letter of 2/19/98 ----------------------------------- Trey Loy said that he just wanted the committee to notice that the FAA says that we can put conditions on the GPS approach. Lee Edmundson said that this agrees with what the latest FAA letter says. We can modify the conditions (e.g., time of availability) of the approach at any time. Lee Edmundson went on to say that April 1st is rapidly approaching and we need to decide when to go into the draft report and revisit its recommendations. Joel Bornstein said that he would prefer to write an addendum to the report, without changing the original text. Lee Edmundson said that he is not proposing to change the original text, but that we should revisit some of its conclusions because there were a few statements which need to be changed to reflect the results of our research. For example, the statement about increased traffic needs revision. Joel Bornstein asked if the June report really was a draft - didn't we finalize it? Tim Scully explained that it was a draft report when we delivered it to the HWP&T because the final community meeting was still pending. We didn't revise the body of the report after the November community meeting, we simply wrote minutes of the meeting. Dave Brewer said that the Ad Hoc Committee agonized over every word in the original report. Let's do an addendum. Lee Edmundson said that he's not comfortable with signing off on the draft report. He also said that there are two realities: permanent vs Ad Hoc committee. He doesn't want to confuse people about what the AAC is recommending. Dave Brewer said he agreed with Lee's point, but that there is a practical problem. We don't have time to go through the report page by page. Willow Trent asked if we would just be adding another paragraph to the report. Lee Edmundson said that when he looks at the draft report he finds conclusions threaded throughout the document. He wants to revisit some of these, e.g., changing "will not" to "may". Dave Brewer said that drafting the original report was an agonizing process, we may have to cut and run. Lee Edmundson said that we should update with new data, and that he believes that the report should not issue a blanket recommendation approving a GPS approach with no restrictions. Joel Bornsetin pointed out that the draft report already recommended specific restrictions for noise abatement, including an immediate left turn for noise abatement and a seven degree offset approach to Runway 11. Lee Edmundson said that he thinks we may want to restrict the GPS so that no approach is available after 5PM. He said that 95% of the draft report is unassailable. Joel Bornstein said that he is uncomfortable with changing the draft report. Some of the people who worked hard on it and signed it are not here. Lee Edmundson said that we can write an addendum saying "here are new data, findings and recommendations. Willow asked if we can make it prominent to distinguish the new material from the draft report. Trey Loy said that he never liked the format of the old report, with questions and answers. We would just like to present information. Let's not get carried away, just say what the GPS is, more directly. We should say what these heights are. Trey Loy said he is not worried about what other airports say. Do we need an extension of time to produce the report? No! He's tired of meeting every week. The limitations are apparent. We might state that no alternate source of local altimeter setting is approved. Joel Bornstein said that he's been thinking about Trey's concern over the use of the term "scud running" and suggests using the official term "marginal VFR conditions". Trey Loy responded that people will do what they are going to do. Let's aim for a 3 or 4 page report. offshore oil and the airport ---------------------------- Trey Loy gave a brief report on his research regarding offshore oil. He said that, under a strip of land running from near the airport to the ocean, all of the subsurface mineral rights have been sold to Cayetana Land and Exploration Company. Much of it is LP land. Trey researched this in Ukiah and knows it exists. He said that one person has a document saying that they can't drill on his land, but most landowners in this strip can't stop the oil company from drilling, if they want to. Trey said that it is possible for an on-shore oil rig to slant drill under the ocean. Joel Bornstein said: so, if someone who owns a house on the coast but doesn't own the mineral right, the owner of the mineral rights could just move right in and drill a well? Trey Loy said that yes, this is true. He also said that some people in Texas got rich that way. Lee Edmundson said that if you read carefully through the coastal element of the General Plan, you'll find that it allows on shore gas and oil pipelines. Tim Scully summarized: so the connection between oil and the airport is that some neighbors of the airport don't own the mineral rights under their property. new questions regarding GPS --------------------------- There were none. Lee Edmundson said it is time to wrap up, we have only 3 weeks to go. Let's set internal deadlines. Short of taking ads out in local papers, we have already done everything possible. There have been 3 community meetings, numerous articles in the local papers. It is time to work backwards from the April 1 date and start planning the report. Trey Loy said that we will need to do our best to deal with any new questions that come in. Lee Edmundson agreed that we have an obligation to respond to questions. discuss how to research the remaining GPS questions --------------------------------------------------- Tim Scully asked if we need to review how each question is being researched. Trey Loy said that he has talked to Les Proctor about weather, Les will write a paragraph on weather. The committee had no new suggestions for new subcommittee assignments. reports from subcommittees -------------------------- Lee Edmundson asked about the status of the query to Jim Goodridge via Grant Wheeler. Tim Scully reported that he received a preliminary FAX from Jim Goodridge shortly before the meeting and that he has emailed back additional questions to Mr. Goodridge. He expects to have a response before next Sunday. Someone asked about the status of the issues Les Proctor is researching. Tim Scully said that he delivered a one page summary of action items to Les Proctor a week ago and reminded him yesterday. Les said that he was working on a written response and would have it by next week. Tim Scully asked about the subcommittee researching accident statistics. Joel Bornstein passed out two handouts, copies of accident statistics from the NTSB web site [see Appendix B and Appendix C]. Lee Edmundson said that he got an email response from the NTSB to his email question about day vs night, IFR vs marginal VFR statistics. The NTSB asked for his FAX number and address, so he hopes to get a response soon. Meanwhile, Lee Edmundson reported that, after researching the NTSB records for Little River Airport, he only found two fatal accidents since 1945. He didn't find the multi-fatality accident discussed at an earlier meeting. Dave Brewer said that the "missing" accident was in 1985, he had to install a new well then because the aircraft crashed next to his pump house, destroying the old pump and contaminating the shallow well. Lee Edmundson said he only found two since 1945. One was a Mooney which crashed in marginal VFR weather in 1991. Joel Bornstein said it was not like that at all - there was a fog bank to the South of the airport. The Mooney pilot made too sharp a turn in an effort to avoid to fog bank and crashed in an accelerated stall. He was in good VFR weather. Lee Edmundson said that the only other accident in the NTSB records was a stall taking off in March of 1997. Joel Bornstein said that was a stall on landing - a Piper which stalled a few feet above the ground and landed very hard. There also was another fender-bender with no report required. Joel Bornstein listed accidents: the one in 1985 on Dave's property, another when a fellow hot-dogging on takeoff crashed behind the hangars, and another in which Tim Kuchar died. Joel knows of 4 fatal accidents in 15 years. Willow Trent asked about the required reports to the NTSB. Joel Bornstein explained that a report is required only if there is serious damage to the aircraft or if people are injured beyond broken toes, fingers or noses. Lee Edmundson asked who reports the accidents. Joel Bornstein said that the pilot or the pilot's heirs are supposed to make the report. Dave Brewer said that the police usually call the FAA. He said he is quite sure that the 1985 accident took place - he has a piece of the airplane and he found a piece of a jawbone which he turned over to the sheriff - bits and pieces have been falling out of the trees where the accident happened. Richard Gallagher asked if filling out a NASA form exempts a pilot from the requirement for reporting to the NTSB. Joel Bornstein said that no, this only protects pilots from deviations from the rules, not from NTSB reporting requirements. Dave Brewer said he can vouch for that. He had a minor accident and the NTSB tore a strip off of his back for only reporting it to the FAA and not to the NTSB, even though there wasn't serious damage or injury. Joel Bornstein said that ground loop accidents are typically not reportable. Dave Brewer said that the NTSB likes to decide how serious each accident is. Dave Brewer gave the pilot survey results, to date. He handed out a spreadsheet with all 88 responses [see Appendix D for a summary]. He explained how he entered data into the spreadsheet: If a user answered "Y", he entered a "1", if a user answered "N" he entered a "0" and if the user entered "X", he entered "1". If a pilot had trouble producing a single numeric answer and gave a range (e.g., 2-3), this was changed into the average of the range (e.g., 2.5). Of the 88 responses, 82 were active pilots. The responses from all inactive pilots were dropped on the theory that they were fantasy. By the way, most of the inactive pilots were in favor of GPS. A response of "?" remained "?" and didn't add into the totals. < 5 was converted to 2 5-15 was converted to 10 15 - 50 was converted to 32.5 > 50 was converted to 75 The rationale for this last conversion was derived from asking for exact numbers from a few > 50 respondents. Jack Reichel had done exactly 50 trips from out of town plus a few local scenic flights. Dave has exactly 65. Two pilots missed the 2nd page of the survey. Three pilots said they would get approach approved GPS when the Little River GPS approach is approved, these were treated as "6 months - 2 years" responses. 37 pilots said getting a GPS approach would increase their daytime use of the airport, they estimated that the increase would be 225 additional landings. The 117 estimated increase in night landings was assuming that the altimeter setting and hence the GPS approach would be available at night. Dave Brewer explained that the 2205 total takeoff and landing estimate is 2205 takeoffs and 2205 landings. Thus the 225 extra day operations should be compared to the 2205 existing landings number, yielding roughly a 10% increase in traffic. Lee Edmundson and Joel Bornstein had a brief discussion about whether takeoffs and landings balance. We finally agreed that they do and we accepted the 10% estimate of the impact of a daytime GPS approach. Dave Brewer said that he believes some pilots overestimated their use of the GPS approach - they really want the approach and tried to pump up the numbers. Richard Gallagher asked if we were going to take into account the decrease in scud running. Lee Edmundson said that it purely speculative. Dave Brewer said that some high usage pilots reported no change in their operations. Richard Gallagher said even if scud running is illegal, it sounds as though some many continue. Lee Edmundson repeated that it is not worth our while to speculate. Joel Bornstein said that the whole survey is speculation. Dave Brewer said that the survey responses allege 204 night takeoffs without GPS. He lives within a mile of the airport and hears all of the takeoffs. He is convinced that there are substantially less than 204. Lee Edmundson said, we have to go with what we have. Dave Brewer said, 55 of 82 pilots now have instrument ratings, while 16 more plan to get their instrument ratings. He has emailed a question to AOPA to get the national statistics on instrument ratings, since this seems high to him. Dave Brewer reported that 20 of 82 pilots now have approach approved GPS and another 28 of 82 plan to install one. Joel Bornstein said that he has trouble believing that 25% have approach approved GPS when the national average is about 10%. Dave Brewer said that some of the responses were from commercial charter operators, Bruce Watt's Beechcraft Baron, and other well equipped aircraft. Richard Gallagher pointed out that there are two types of IFR GPS: those approved only for enroute use and those also approved for approaches. He wondered if some pilots were confused when they responded. Dave Brewer reported that 67 pilots were in favor of the GPS approach and 8 were opposed. The remainder didn't have an opinion or did not answer. Trey Loy asked why were 70 aircraft "IFR equipped". Tim Scully explained that some VFR pilots have IFR equipped aircraft because they came that way when purchased or because they fly at night. Willow Trent wanted to know how the heavy users of the airport voted on GPS. Dave Brewer started down the list: Mike Anderson was opposed, Tom Wisdom and Keith Paulson were in favor. Tim Scully was in favor. Joel Bornstein said that he is probably the airport's heaviest user, he will not benefit directly from GPS for quite a while, but he is in favor of it for safety. Willow Trent asked how would a night GPS approach become available? Tim Scully said that he has been quiet while we have been collecting data regarding night GPS approaches, but he is opposed to forbidding night approaches (in the event that a means of providing the altimeter at night becomes available) before it is demonstrated that night approaches are a problem. Have there been a large number of noise complaints at night? What evidence exists to support the idea that there is a problem with night operations? If and when there is a problem, then a restriction could be considered. He went on to address Willow's question. The Ad Hoc Committee reported in December on the 3 ways the altimeter could become available for night operations. A remote altimeter setting from Ukiah or Santa Rosa would carry extremely high penalties due to the intervening terrain, rendering the approach impractical. An alternate approved local altimeter source, which also seems unlikely and which would not be possible without the knowledge of this committee. And the third possibility is an automated weather station such as an AWOS or ASOS. These are expensive and there is no funding in sight. Lee Edmundson said that the survey data is for active pilots, nonpilots may feel differently. Joel Bornstein asked if Lee proposes to survey the community at large. Lee Edmundson said "no". We can draw conclusions from this survey, and we will presume that the pilots are telling the truth. Willow Trent asked: can the GPS suddenly start happening at night. Lee Edmundson reminded her that the County can put restrictions on the GPS at any time, or it can relax them at any time. The FAA made that clear. Trey Loy asked, why not put a night restriction on now. Tim Scully repeated that he opposes trying to solve a problem before it is proven that a problem exists. Willow Trent asked if it is true that an AWOS costs $55,000. Tim Scully said that there are different models ranging in price from about $25,000 to over $150,000. Lee Edmundson said that Les Proctor's contract allows for him to designate a substitute up to 20% of the time. Can we ask Les if his substitute will be trained and approved to give the altimeter setting? Joel Bornstein said that the training is short (about 1 hour) and there is a simple test. Tim Scully also pointed out that the airport is unattended on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, so the GPS approach will not be usable on either of those days. There is also no fuel available on Tuesday and Wednesday. Lee Edmundson asked why there is no gas. Isn't there cardlock fuel? Tim Scully responded - there is no cardlock system at this time. The fuel pumps are padlocked when the airport supervisor is not present. Willow Trent handed out packages of material on the Brown Act for each committee member. Tim Scully reported on the results, to date, from the airport survey. Ward, Samoa, and Andy McBeth airports are all very low traffic and do not have instrument approaches. Catalina Island is a major tourist attraction, has had VOR and DME approaches since 1968 and reports no affect on traffic. They have 20,000 operations a year, of which 95% are transient. Santa Ynez airport has 10,000 operations a year, 10 on-airport businesses, actively seeks growth in airport use and estimates a 20% impact on traffic from their VOR and GPS approaches which were established in 1970, 1992 and 1997. They say that there has been no noise impact and no increase in noise complaints. The last two airports both have ILS precision approaches. Arcata has about 40,000 operations per year, 40% of which are commercial. They have airline service. They have 8 on-airport businesses and they actively seek growth in airport use. They say that their ILS approach has an 80% impact on traffic, adding that without an ILS they would not have an airline. Their approach is available 24 hrs. They have ILS, NDB, VOR and GPS approaches. They said the noise impact of their approaches is unknown, but that there has been zero impact on noise complaints. Complaints are rare but usually are on clear days about helicopters. Crescent City also has an ILS. 60% of their traffic is commercial. They have 13,000 takeoffs and landings per year and 8 on-airport businesses, including Fed Ex, United Express (airline), 3 air ambulances, etc. They actively seek growth in airport use and estimate that their instrument approaches have doubled their traffic. They estimate zero noise impact and zero impact on noise complaints. Their instrument approach is available 24 hrs and they have an AWOS. They have low cloud or fog at least 90% of the time - their ILS approach is essential to the operation of their airport. Richard Gallagher asked if Half Moon Bay was included in the survey. Tim Scully reported that they were surveyed last year and were just applying for a GPS approach at that time, so we did not resurvey them. Tim Scully suggested that Lee Edmundson telephone the airports which haven't yet responded to the airport survey. Lee said he'd do that. Lee Edmundson suggested setting a deadline for additional data, suggesting that anything not received by the next meeting would be considered "too late". Dave Brewer said that although pilot survey results are trickling in, the last few haven't changed the overall picture and he doesn't except a change for any further responses. agree on time, date and place of next meeting --------------------------------------------- We agreed to meet again from 4-6pm next Sunday, at the Woods. agree on agenda for next meeting --------------------------------- We agreed that the main task next week will be to start on the report for the Supervisors. Tim Scully suggested that each subcommittee should work on a short summary report which can be part of the final report. Trey Loy suggested agreeing on an outline for the whole report which we can flesh out later. He volunteered to produce an initial outline. Lee Edmundson said that we need to deliver the completed report by April 1st, that means we have to complete it in our March 29 meeting. Willow Trent said that the whole purpose of this work has been to answer people's questions about GPS. Lee Edmundson said that there are conclusions in the draft report that he doesn't agree with. Trey Loy said that he has never liked the question and answer format of the original report - he will produce a draft outline for the committee to discuss. Lee Edmundson said that Les Proctor needs to get his written report in. Dave Brewer asked Lee Edmundson to write down the list of things he disagrees with in the draft report. Lee said he'd do that. Willow Trent asked if we would go back to a normal life after the 29th. Tim Scully said he certainly hopes so! Lee Edmundson said that we should hold another quick meeting after the Supervisors meet to produce a list of other issues to consider, e.g., cardlock fuel. Joel Bornstein said that the Ad Hoc Committee produced a prioritized list of issues. Tim Scully suggested that we may also be handed some homework assignments from the HWP&T committee. We all agreed that we'd reduce the frequency of meetings after the GPS report is delivered. We agreed that the agenda for the next meeting is: - review the minutes of the previous meeting - communications (letters, FAXes, etc, sent/received since last meeting) - discuss the report we will deliver on April 1st on the GPS approach at Little River - Trey Loy will present a proposed outline for the report - reports from subcommittees regarding research re GPS issues and discussion of the data compiled by them - public comment - report on finances (contributions received, expenses incurred) - agree on a date, time and place for the next meeting - agree on agenda for next meeting The meeting was adjourned at 6pm. Members of the Little River Airport Advisory Committee ------------------------------------------------------ Joel Bornstein pilot, flight instructor lives near airport Dave Brewer pilot, lives near airport Lee Edmundson non-pilot Trey Loy non-pilot, lives near airport Tim Scully pilot, computer programmer, lives near airport commutes by air to Oakland weekly Willow Trent airport neighbor, non-pilot Susan Winding airport neighbor, non-pilot, business owner ========================================================================== Appendix A letter to Norma Leone and response ----------------------------------------------------------------- Tim Scully 3/2/98 Norma Leone Deputy Clerk Mendocino County Board of Supervisors Courthouse Ukiah, CA 95482 Dear Norma: The Little River Airport Advisory Committee is working to agree on a conflict of interest code. After studying the codes adopted by other County committees and boards, a few committee members are concerned about possible problems with the law and would like advice from County Counsel. Can you please pass this on to County Counsel, if you believe it is appropriate? Specifically, we are concerned about 2 Cal Code of Regulations 18730 Section 8 "Disqualification", which was on page 7 of the Mendocino Coast Recreation and Park District code. I've attempted to capture the committee's discussion on this topic below: Trey Loy interpreted this code section to mean that many committee members would be disqualified if we adopt this code. For example, Tim Scully is a business owner who will be writing a letter to the FAA requesting the GPS. Doesn't this disqualify him from being involved in discussions of GPS? Or, as another example, two committee members own hangars - can they be involved in discussions of hangar issues? Tim Scully said that if this logic is extended, then Susan Winding would be disqualified from some issues because she owns a home adjoining the airport and any substantial change at the airport would have an economic impact on her. He said that he does not believe any of these are disqualifying conflicts, and that simply disclosing each members economic interest should be adequate. After all, the Supervisors and County Counsel were aware of these economic interests when the committee was selected. Tim Scully said that he believed the types of conflicts contemplated by the law are more direct, such as if the committee were making a decision specifically about Coast Flyers, then Joel Bornstein as an employee of Coast Flyers, should not vote. For more diffuse biases, simple disclosure should be adequate. Trey Loy said that simple disclosure isn't adequate. Willow Trent said that a committee member can recuse herself or himself from acting on a specific issue with clear conflict. She liked Tim's example. Trey Loy asked the committee members to read the section again, pointing out the language saying that a member with a conflict may not influence a decision. The committee will be meeting again on Sunday April 8. If possible, we'd like to have a note from the County Counsel to reassure the committee before then. A FAX to 937-4008 would be great. I am appending our rough draft conflict of interest code for review at the same time. I am at (510) 337-7251 until 2pm Thursday this week, if there are any questions. Thank you! Respectfully Yours, Tim Scully, Ph.D. Chairman, AAC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- JOYCE A. BEARD Telephone: CLERK OF THE BOARD (707) 463-4221 FAX: (707) 463:4245 COUNTY OF MENDOCINO BOARD OF SUPERVISORS 501 LOW GAP ROAD, ROOM 1090 UKIAH, CALIFORNIA 95482 March 3, 1998 Mr. Tim Scully 312191 Albion Ridge Road Albion, CA 95410 Dear Tim: County Counsel Peter Klein reviewed your letter dated March 2, 1998 relative to the Conflict of Interest Code your Committee is developing. Mr. Klein advised that it is not necessary for the Little River Airport Advisory Committee to adopt a Conflict of Interest Code since the Committee serves only in an advisory capacity and gives its recommendations to Public Works and/or to the Board of Supervisors. To give you some background information, Mendocino County's Conflict of Interest Code was amended in 1976 by Resolution No. 96-171 deleting some of the Boards and Commissions that had previously been required to file Statements of Interest. It stated that only the Boards and Commissions and their designated members and employees that made or participated in the making of decisions which may foreseeably have a material effect on any financial interest, needed to file. I am attaching portions of Resolutions 96-171 and 95-086 so you can see the changes. The only Board which has been added since is the Laytonville Municipal Advisory Board. I hope this information will be helpful to you. Sincerely, Norma 1. Leon Deputy Clerk nl ========================================================================== Appendix B NTSB accident statistics from www.ntsb.gov/Aviation/Table10.htm -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 10. Accidents, Fatalities, and Rates, 1982 through 1997, U.S. General Aviation Accidents Fatalities Accidents per 100,000 Flight Hours ---------- ------------------------ ---------------------------------- Year All Fatal Total Aboard Flight Hours All Fatal ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1982 3,233 591 1,187 1,170 29,640,000 10.90 1.99 1983 3,077 556 1,069 1,062 28,673,000 10.73 1.94 1984 3,017 545 1,042 1,021 29,099,000 10.36 1.87 1985 2,739 498 956 945 28,322,000 9.66 1.75 1986 2,582 474 967 879 27,073,000 9.54 1.75 1987 2,495 447 838 823 26,972,000 9.25 1.65 1988 2,387 460 800 792 27,446,000 8.69 1.68 1989 2,233 431 768 765 27,920,000 7.98 1.53 1990 2,215 443 765 762 28,510,000 7.77 1.55 1991 2,176 434 794 780 27,226,000 7.98 1.59 1992 2,073 446 857 855 24,800,000 8.35 1.79 1993 2,038 398 736 732 22,800,000 8.93 1.74 1994 1,995 404 730 723 22,240,000 8.96 1.81 1995 2,055 412 734 727 23,930,000 8.57 1.71 1996 1,905 359 631 614 24,100,000 7.90 1.49 1997 1,854 350 646 640 24,700,000 7.51 1.42 Notes 1997 data are preliminary. Hours are estimated by the Federal Aviation Administration. Suicide/sabotage cases included in "Accidents" and "Fatalities" but excluded from accident rates in this table are: 1982 (3 acc., 0 fatal acc.); 1983 (1, 0); 1984 (3, 2); 1985 (3, 2); 1987 (1, 1); 1988 (1, 0); 1989 (5, 4); 1990 (1, 0); 1991 (3, 2); 1992 (1, 1); 1993 (1, 1); 1994 (2, 2); 1995 (4, 3) Effective in April, 1995 the NTSB is required by law to investigate all public use accidents. The effect upon the number of general aviation accidents is an increase of approximately 1 1/2 percent. ========================================================================== Appendix C NTSB accident statistics from www.ntsb.gov/Aviation/Table1.htm -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 1. Accidents, Fatalities, and Rates, 1997 Preliminary Statistics, U.S. Aviation Accidents Fatalities Accidents per 100,000 Flight Hrs All Fatal Total Aboard Flight Hours Departures All Fatal U.S. air carriers operating under 14 CFR 121 Scheduled 42 3 3 2 14,500,000 9,500,000 0.290 0.021 Nonscheduled 7 1 5 4 790,000 375,000 0.886 0.127 U.S. air carriers operating under 14 CFR 135 Scheduled 16 5 46 46 1,120,000 1,580,000 1.429 0.446 Nonscheduled 82 16 40 40 2,140,000 n/a 3.83 0.75 U.S. general aviation 1,854 350 646 640 24,700,000 n/a 7.51 1.42 U.S. civil aviation 2,000 375 740 732 Other accidents in the U.S. Foreign registerd aircraft 15 4 233 231 U.S. registered aircraft operated by foreign air carriers 1 - - - Unregistered aircraft 6 3 3 3 U.S. registered aircraft operated abroad by foreign air carriers 4 1 2 2 Notes All data are preliminary. Hours and departures are compiled and estimated by the Federal Aviation Administration. Accidents and fatalities in the categories do not necessarily sum to the figures in U.S. civil aviation because of collisions involving aircraft in different categories. ========================================================================== Appendix D - summary from the February 1998 survey of Little River pilots -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Local Address ................ 38 Active Pilot? ................ 82 Own plane? ................ 70 Takeoff/land at LR average ops < 5 times a year ............ 16 average = 2 32 5-15 times a year ........... 29 average = 10 290 15-50 times a year .......... 21 average = 32.5 683 > 50 times a year .......... 16 average = 75 1200 ---- total ops 2205 Night landings at LR ........ 225 Will the GPS approach effect on night landings?............ 20 Additional night landings/yr .. 117 Will the GPS approach effect day landings? ................ 37 Additional day landings/yr .. 226 Night takeoffs/year from LP .. 204 Instrument takeoffs/year .... 237 Reason for flying to/from LR Business .................... 36 Recreation .................. 60 Commuter .................... 11 Instrument rated? ............ 55 Plan to get rating? ......... 16 < 6 months ................. 2 6 months - 2 yrs ........... 13 > 2 years .................. 3 Aircraft IFR equipped ........ 70 fly with VFR GPS? ............ 38 Aircraft IFR GPS equipped? .. 20 plan to buy IFR GPS? ....... 28 < 6 months ................ 4 6 months - 2 years ........ 17 > 2 years ................. 6 In favor of LR GPS approach .. 67 Opposed to LR GPS approach .... 8 Total responses ............... 88 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------